一、术以前准备好
Before a surgery, much work should be done to make sure the patient's safety.
继续做移植手术之以前为了确保安全病症患者份的安全有许多临时工要继续做。1. Vital signs will be taken and recorded. Tell the doctor anything unusual.第一,要检测并记录肉体病症因。将任何异常情形告知牙医。2. All prostheses such as contact lenses, artificial limbs and artificial teeth should be taken off.第二,所有许多现代,例如、随心所欲以及眼镜都必要扣上。The anesthetist may prefer that artificial teeth be left in place. So the nurse must consult the anesthetist on this.师可能都会希望让性癌症症身穿眼镜,所以外科牙医才都会心理治疗的一致同意。3. The patient's nail polish and makeup should be removed. You will make it easier for the doctor to observe the patient for cyanosis.
第三,性癌症症才都会除去指甲油并卸妆。这样都会让牙医更快识别病症患者是否患有苍白病症。The cyanosis often shows the need for oxygen. Hairpins should also be removed because they will cause contamination苍白病症上会说明性癌症症需再多氧。还其所扣上尾端等衣著,以免带来细菌感染。4. The bladder should be emptied by voiding or by catheter. A full bladder could be damaged during surgery.第四,经过大便或者导尿移走大肠。大肠内充满尿液可能都会在移植腹腔里面受损。5. Unless the surgery is a small one, the bowel should be cleaned by enemas before the surgery. It will prevent much discomfort after the surgery. It will also prevent contamination.第五,术以前性癌症症需常用灌肠剂移走肠道,小移植手术除外。这都会防止很多术后不适性癌症症。还可以防止细菌感染。6. Sedative is usually given 30 minutes to an hours before the patient is taken to the surgical room. It will make the anesthesia easier.第六,镇静剂上会在性癌症症转到移植急诊以前30分钟到一同一时间内服用。这可以让过程来进行地更快一些。After that, the patient should be encouraged to rest quietly. A member of the family may be allowed to stay in the room with the patient.然后必要轻声安慰性癌症症转到经年累月。移植急诊内有时可以准许性癌症症的一位家属服侍。7. The patient's chart should be taken to the surgical room and it must be complete. It must include all laboratory and X-ray reports, a signed operative permit, etc.第七,性癌症症的病症历表必要带入移植急诊,并且注记需完整。上面才都会以外所有的化验和X光检查报告以及一份邮寄的移植手术许可证等等。Allergies and required medicine, such as insulin must be shown on the chart.发炎原和所需抗生素,如本品,也应在注记里面注明。Excuse me, Ms. Wang. I want to go to the toilet.
劳驾,王于外科牙医。我想去公厕。You need not go to the toilet. Please try the bedpan.你不可去公厕。代为你用便盆吧。How can I urinate in bed?我怎么能在躺水泡呢?You know you will not be allowed to get up for several days after the operation. So you must learn to use the bedpan.移植手术在此之后几天你是不准许下床的。所以你才都会学者常用便盆。OK. Let me he a try.好吧。我放心。When will I be sent to the operating room?我什么时候进移植急诊?About 8 O'clock. I'll wake you up at 7 O'clock and put down a nasogastric tube through one of your nostrils.大概午间。我都会在七点夜里你然后从你的下颚里面插入一根胃管。Could you tell me why?
你能得知我为什么要插胃管吗?We will give you food through the tube on the second and third day after the operation.移植出院第二、三天我们需通过胃管给你喂食。What time will I be back here?我什么时候能被转送这里?You'll be back at about 3 pm.大概下午两点。How can my wife know about the operation?我妻子怎样了解我移植手术的实质性?She can stay in the waiting room. We'll tell her as soon as possible about the operation.她都会在等候房。移植手术一结束我们都会立即通知她。He you signed the consent?你在一致同意这段话签字了吗?Yes. What should I do before operation?签了。移植手术以前我必要继续做什么?We'll prepare you by shing and cleaning. Then you'll take a shower. You'll he a liquid diet for supper.我们都会给你剃须继续做清扫。然后你要洗个澡。饭菜你要吃饱一些流食。I know. Will the operation hurt very much?我真的了。移植手术都会很想念吗?Don't worry. You won't feel anything during the operation.别担心,移植腹腔里面你不都会显现出任何痉挛。You'll find yourself back in the room after the operation.移植出院你发现自己的时候就已经在病症床了。You may feel some pain and feel drowsy. We will give you an injection to relieve the pain if you can't stand it.你可能都会感觉到有点想念并昏昏沉沉。如果痉挛难忍的话我们都会给你服用一些更严重影响痉挛的抗生素。Thank you.多谢你 二、移植手术里面Operator, put me through to the operating room please.
话务员,代为老大我接移植急诊。Just a minute. The line is engaged.稍等。目以前占该线。A few seconds later.几秒钟后。Operation room.移植急诊May I speak to the head nurse?能代为外科牙医拨打吗?Of course, she's right here.当然可以,她就在这。Hello, I'm the head nurse. What can I do for you?
小妹,我是外科牙医。有什么可以老大您?What's going on in the operation room right now?移植急诊里面目以前是什么情形。I he an emergency case coming in.我立即有一个紧急情况病症例。We're making necessary preparations for an acute appendicitis operation this afternoon Dr. Wang is going to perform the operation.我们在为今天下午王于牙医的急性阑尾炎移植手术继续做必要准备好。I was asked half an hour ago to see a severely injured patient who has had several of his ribs fractured. He needs a chest operation immediately. Would you arrange for an emergency operation?我半同一时间以前接收了一个严重影响肋骨骨折的病症患者。他需立即给与肺部移植手术。你们老大我顾及紧急情况移植手术吗?Of course, I'll make the necessary arrangements right away. I'll phone you everything is ready.当然可以。我立即继续做必要准备好。一切准备好完毕在此之后我给你询问。Fine, I'll be waiting for your call.好的,我等你电话。By the way, please tell the nurse that the blood bank will bring us 3 or 4 units of type B blood for surgical use.对了。代为得知外科牙医血库都会给我们3或4单位的B型血供移植手术常用。Anything else?还有其他要交代的吗?Yes, I'm planning to use a general anesthesia and would like to he an assistant.有,我需继续做全身,需一位合作者。All right. I'll let Dr. Wang know it immediately.好的。我立即通知王于牙医。Thank you.多谢你。You're welcome.不蛮横。After the operation. 三、术后 The patient is in narcosis, take care.性癌症症还在苏醒状态,多留意。What kind of surgery has he had?他给与了什么移植手术?A chest operation.肺部移植手术。Is he allergic to any drug?他对什么抗生素发炎吗?He's allergic to meperidine.他对哌替啶发炎。Did he lose much blood during the surgery?移植手术里面他失血很多吗?He lost 400 ml of blood and received 2 units of red cells.他失血400ml。我们给他再多了2单位的白细胞。Has he received any other fluids?你们给他再多其他容器了吗?1000 ml of 5% dextrose in distilled water.1000毫升另有5%的氢氧化钠。 四、移植出院动手术与护理After the operation, the surgical patient often needs intensive care.
移植手术在此之后,外科病症患者上会需提高护理。Here there are some reasons. Of course, some common problems will occur.这其里面有一些原因。当然,也都会有一些常见疑问消失。The problems can be expected and therefore anticipated.这些疑问是可以预见的。After the operation, patients often need hemodynamic monitoring.移植手术在此之后需对病症患者来进行腹水力学监护。Many of the conditions are related to basic medical problems.病症患者的很多性癌症症与基本的药理学疑问关的。Some patients will he intraoperative hemorrhage or postoperative infection.一些病症患者都会消失术里面出血或术后细菌感染。It may lead to instability. So the patient needs special care.
这都会避免移植出院病症情稳定下来不稳定。因此病症患者需除此以外看护。This will be much more common after emergency surgical procedures.这种情形在抢救移植手术病症患者躯体更常见。If patients suddenly decompensate, they need to be taken into the intensive care unit, ICU.如果病症患者突然代谢失调,需将其送入重症提高护理病症床。Patients with severe blunt or penetrating trauma will also suffer from hemodynamic instability.钝挫伤及穿透性心理因素性癌症症还都会消失腹水力学不稳定。Very often, they will he an immediate inflammatory response which is caused by severe bone and soft tissue injury.他们很可能都会消失急性瘙痒反应,这是由严重影响骨质或者软组织伤势所致。If hypovolemic shock occurs, then it shows that the injury is serious. The patient sometimes needs blood transfusion to correct the deficit.如果消失高于血容量性休克,这说明伤势严重影响。有时需对病症患者来进行再多血来补充其体内体内。Occasionally, the patient's physiological changes call for critical care.病症患者的生理转变时常也都会需除此以外监护。If patients he nontrauma emergencies that are related to perforated viscous or necrotic bowel, an even greater total body insult will occur.如果非心理因素性癌症症的抢救性癌症症的性癌症症与肠穿孔粘滞或肠坏死有关,那么性癌症症整个机体可能都会受其影响。Each insult leads to a systemic inflammatory response.这些影响都会分别避免各个人体器官的系统地瘙痒反应。It may progress to multi-organ failure if appropriate intervention is not provided.如果不采取措施治疗,性癌症症可能消失多人体器官功能衰竭 。Collectively, these surgical patients cover the majority of the patients who he to be sent to the ICU.总而言之,重症加护病症床的性癌症症大部分是外科移植手术性癌症症。 五、术后稳定下来Ms. Wang, I'm hing a pain here.
王于牙医,我这里很想念。I'll give you pain relieving medicine.我给你开一些止想念药。It's better now. But I'm a little thirsty. Would you please give me some water?以前好些了。但是我很渴。你可以给我一些水喝吗?I'm afraid I can't. But I can moisten your lips to quench your thirst.抱歉,却说你以前不可以喝水。但是我可以在你的嘴唇上蘸一些水老大你解渴。Thanks. When can I drink?多谢。我什么时候可以喝水?When your bowel is sound and gag reflex returns.需等你的肠鸣音和咽透射稳定下来在此之后才可以喝。Then I can eat something?那时我就可以吃饱样子了吗?I'm afraid you can't.却说不行。When can I eat?我什么时候才可以吃饱样子?You can take a liquid diet on the 1st postoperative day. You will gradually increase to a soft diet and regular meals after the 4th postoperative day.
移植手术一天在此之后你可以吃饱一些流食。然后你慢慢可以吃饱软食,移植手术四天在此之后就可以正常用餐了。What's the liquid diet?流食是什么?It consists of liquids that don't irritate or cause gas formation, for example, tea, coffee, strained food or vegetable juice and fat-free broth.流食以无刺激作用或者不都会避免气体产生的容器辅以,例如黄酒、咖啡、软性酒类、蔬菜汁和无脂汤。What's the soft diet?软食是什么?It includes soup, fish, eggs but not fried, bean curd, noodles, dumplings and so on.软食以外汤、鱼肉、非配料黄油、豆腐、面条、甜食等等。Which kind of food should I oid?我必要防止吃饱哪些食物呢?Rich pastries, hey salad dressing, fried food, lard, etc.油腻的点心、过多的色拉酱酱汁、配料酒类、猪油等。Anything important?还有什么需留意的吗?Yes, you'll do some breathing exercise tomorrow.有,谢谢你需继续做一些气管跑步。Why?为什么?The exercise will help prevent respiratory complications.气管跑步可以公共卫生气管系统胃癌。Will you help do the exercise or I do it myself?我要自己继续做跑步吗,还是你都会特殊教育我?I'll help you and give you some advice.我都会老大你,给你纳一些一致同意。Can you tell me now how I will do it?你以前可以得知我怎样继续做吗?Of course. Press your incision, breathe deeply and then cough. I will raise the head of your bed.当然可以。按住移植手术凹槽,深气管然后腹痛。我都会把你的大人升高一些。I see.我真的了。Please press the button when you feel discomfort.如果你感觉到有什么不适的话代为按呼叫器。I will. Thank you.我都会的,多谢你。相关新闻
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